What is the meaning of -han?

1. after all, in any case, although

   after all, in any case, although

   Expresses a fact that the speaker either considers obvious, or at the very least known to both the speaker and the addressed, and worth reminding someone of.

   A particle to express that the speaker has some view on something that they are willing to either confirm or question; attached to verbs, including the negative verb, and the word modified is sometimes repeated at the end of the sentence.

   A particle to express that the speaker is determined about or resistant towards something.

   Expresses disagreement, particularly in brief exclamations.

   With a negation verb form and the enclitic particle -ko / -kö to express "I suppose".

   With -pa (-pahan), expresses a particularly strong convinction that one's statement can be corroborated.

   1. A particle appended to an indicative (or more rarely conditional or potential) verb form in order to express the speaker's wish about something

      A particle appended to an indicative (or more rarely conditional or potential) verb form in order to express the speaker's wish about something

      As particle used to politely ask someone to do something — i.e., to avoid the imperative.

      Expresses that the speaker is suggesting an idea that they just came up with; in this case, the clitic always attaches to the subject that must be the first word in the clause, and is often used with verbs in conditional mood.

      Softens a question for which the speaker expects the answer to be affirmative. Note: replaces -ko; compare definition below.

      Used in a question where the speaker expects themselves or the addressed to know the answer to. Note: replaces -ko; compare definition below.

      Expresses wondering in questions, usually with -ko / -kö, or used to simply make questions more polite.

      Softens an imperative verb, causing it to behave more like a suggestion, such as a friendly suggestion or one where the speaker expects the person addressed to do so anyway.

      A particle appended to a passive or first-person plural imperative verb to express an informal proposal or suggestion.

      1. A particle to express that the speaker had some (more or less) certain view on something but is surprised after having got to know the truth about it.

         A particle to express that the speaker had some (more or less) certain view on something but is surprised after having got to know the truth about it.

         A particle to express that the speaker had some (more or less) certain view on something but is surprised at the controversial view expressed by some other person.

         Alternative form of -hVn (illative singular).

         Rōmaji transcription of はん

         alternative form of -an

         Source: wiktionary.org