What is the meaning of ة?

ة (tāʔ marbūṭa) is a variant of the letter ت (tāʔ) used at the end of words. It is formed from the letter ه (hāʔ) with the addition of the two overdots of ت (tāʔ).

Used to form feminine adjectives from masculine adjectives.

Used to form feminine nouns from masculine nouns referring to people.

Used to form singulative nouns (referring to one item) from collective nouns (referring to a collection of items).

Suffix used to form instance nouns (nomina vicis, referring to a single instance of an action) from verbal nouns.

Used to form abstract nouns from nisba adjectives in ـِيّ (-iyy). Alternatively, the combination of the two suffixes can be viewed as a single suffix ـِيَّة (-iyya).

Used to form nouns referring to devices from occupational/characteristic nouns and adjectives (e.g. دَبَّابَة (dabbāba, tank) from دَبَّاب (dabbāb, crawling, crawler)) and from active participles (e.g. طَابِعَة (ṭābiʕa, printer ) from طَابِع (ṭābiʕ, printer )).

Used to form nouns of various sorts from adjectives: for instance, قَرِينَة (qarīna, connection) from قَرِين (qarīn, connected) or مُعَلَّقَة (muʕallaqa, poster, placard) from مُعَلَّق (muʕallaq, suspended).

Ending of most feminine nouns in the singular

Feminine suffix for nouns referring to people

Feminine suffix for adjectives

Singulative suffix from collective nouns (they become grammatically feminine)

Source: wiktionary.org